Editor's Choice
REVIEW PAPER
Challenges and future perspectives of sustainable supplements, functional foods, and nutrigenomics in athletic performance
Fabio Caradonna
1,3
1
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
2
Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Exercise and Training Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3
National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
Submission date: 2024-07-26
Acceptance date: 2024-09-08
Publication date: 2024-12-23
Corresponding author
Sara Baldassano
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
Hum Mov. 2024;25(4):1-15
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Nutrition plays a key role in the lives of athletes, sustaining and enhancing sports performance by significantly influencing their performance and general well-being. Functional foods, rich in bioactive compounds and essential nutrients, offer significant advantages for general health and athletic performance. This review addresses the benefits of sustainable, functional foods for health and sporting needs and the strategies to improve sustainability in the food sector. It will explore the connection between sustainable nutrition, nutrigenomics, and sporting needs. Sustainable food offers several advantages over traditional supplements. Thus, it is essential to educate consumers about the environmental impact of conventional supplement production and the benefits of sustainable options. The necessary approach must be integrated into food production, distribution, and consumption to meet current nutritional needs. Incorporating sustainability into supplement production and using functional foods to formulate supplements will be explored to point out the advantages of sustainable foods over traditional supplements. This review underscores the importance of public awareness and education in adopting sustainable eating habits, utilizing what nature offers more consciously, and implementing these principles in daily life. The importance of food sustainability is underscored by its impact on climate change and global health, as food production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing this involves improving diet quality while reducing the environmental footprint of food production. Through these efforts, functional foods can serve as a key component in achieving sustainable sports supplementation, benefiting individuals and the planet.
REFERENCES (99)
1.
Mouat AR. Sustainability in food-waste reduction biotechnology: a critical review. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2022;77:102781; doi: 10.1016/j.copbio. 2022.102781.
2.
Crippa M, Solazzo E, Guizzardi D, Monforti-Ferrario F, Tubiello FN, Leip A. Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nat Food. 2021;2:198–209; doi: 10.1038/ s43016-021-00225-9.
3.
Gardner G, Burton W, Sinclair M, Bryant M. Interventions to strengthen environmental sustainability of school food systems: narrative scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(11): 5916; doi: 10.3390/ijerph20115916.
4.
Conrad Z, Niles MT, Neher DA, Roy ED, Tichenor NE. Relationship between food waste, diet quality, and environmental sustainability. PLOS ONE. 2018;13:e0195405; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0195405.
5.
Serra-Majem L, Tomaino L, Dernini S, Berry EM, Lairon D, de la Cruz JN, Bach-Faig A, Donini LM, Medina F-X, Belahsen R, Piscopo S, Capone R, Aranceta-Bartrina J, La Vecchia C, Trichopoulou A. Updating the Mediterranean diet pyramid towards sustainability: focus on environmental concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):8758; doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238758.
6.
Macieira A, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Food safety in local farming of fruits and vegetables. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9733; doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189733.
7.
Friel S, Baker PI. Equity, food security and health equity in the Asia Pacific region. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(4):620–32.
8.
Gantenbein KV, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Mediterranean diet as an antioxidant: the impact on metabolic health and overall well-being. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1951; doi: 10.3390/nu13061951.
9.
Celebi Sozener Z, Ozdel Ozturk B, Cerci P, Turk M, Akin BG, Akdis M, Altiner S, Ozbey U, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yilmaz I, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Allergy. 2022;77:1418–49; doi: 10.1111/all.15240.
10.
Chen C, Chaudhary A, Mathys A. Dietary change scenarios and implications for environmental, nutrition, human health and economic dimensions of food sustainability. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):856; doi: 10.3390/nu11040856.
11.
Probstl-Haider U, Mostegl NM, Kelemen-Finan J, Haider W, Formayer H, Kantelhardt J, Moser T, Kapfer M, Trenholm R. Farmers’ preferences for future agricultural land use under the consideration of climate change. Environ Manage. 2016;58: 446–64; doi: 10.1007/s00267-016-0720-4.
12.
Karavasiloglou N, Pannen ST, Jochem C, Kuhn T. Sustainable diets and cancer: a systematic review. Curr Nutr Rep. 2022;11:742–52; doi: 10.1007/ s13668-022-00442-z.
13.
Krupitzer C, Stein A. Food informatics – review of the current state-of-the-art, revised definition, and classification into the research landscape. Foods. 2021;10(11):2889; doi: 10.3390/foods10112889.
14.
Granato D, Barba FJ, Bursać Kovačević D, Lorenzo JM, Cruz AG, Putnik P. Functional foods: product development, technological trends, efficacy testing, and safety. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2020;11:93–118; doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-03 2519-051708.
15.
Bursać Kovačević D, Maras M, Barba FJ, Granato D, Roohinejad S, Mallikarjunan K, Montesano D, Lorenzo JM, Putnik P. Innovative technologies for the recovery of phytochemicals from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves: a review. Food Chem. 2018;268:513–21; doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem. 2018.06.091.
16.
Putnik P, Bursać Kovačević D, Režek Jambrak A, Barba FJ, Cravotto G, Binello A, Lorenzo JM, Shpigelman A. Innovative “green” and novel strategies for the extraction of bioactive added value compounds from citrus wastes – a review. Molecules. 2017;22(5):680; doi: 10.3390/molecules22050680.
17.
Neo YT, Chia WY, Lim SS, Ngan CL, Kurniawan TA, Chew KW. Smart systems in producing algae- -based protein to improve functional food ingredients industries. Food Res Int. 2023;165:112480; doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112480.
18.
Khush GS. Green revolution: the way forward. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2(10):815–22; doi: 10.1038/35 093585.
19.
Canfield DE, Glazer AN, Falkowski PG. The evolution and future of earth’s nitrogen cycle. Science. 2010;330(6001):192–6; doi: 10.1126/science.11 86120.
20.
Gao Y, Qi S, Wang Y. Nitrate signaling and use efficiency in crops. Plant Commun. 2022;3(5): 100353; doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100353.
21.
Yu S, Ali J, Zhou S, Ren G, Xie H, Xu J, Yu X, Zhou F, Peng S, Ma L, Yuan D, Li Z, Chen D, Zheng R, Zhao Z, Chu C, You A, Wei Y, Zhu S, Gu Q, He G, Li S, Liu G, Liu C, Zhang C, Xiao J, Luo L, Li Z, Zhang Q. From green super rice to green agriculture: reaping the promise of functional genomics research. Mol Plant. 2022;15(1):9– 26; doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.001.
22.
Hu B, Wang W, Chen J, Yongqiang L, Chengcai C. Genetic improvement toward nitrogen-use efficiency in rice: lessons and perspectives. Mol Plant. 2023;16(1):64–74; doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.007.
23.
Singh AR, Desu PK, Nakkala RK, Vanitha K, Sushma D, Mohammad SA, Hinna H, Rajani BA, Prashant K. Nanotechnology-based approaches applied to nutraceuticals. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022;12:485–99; doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-009 60-3.
24.
Fischer D. Sustainability in drug and nanoparticle processing. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2024:284:45– 68; doi: 10.1007/164_2023_659.
25.
Roberfroid MB. Concepts and strategy of functional food science: the European perspective. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(6 Suppl):1660–4; doi: 10.1093/ ajcn/71.6.1660S.
26.
Jeukendrup AE. Periodized nutrition for athletes. Sports Med. 2017;47(Suppl 1):51–63; doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0694-2.
27.
Seeram NP. Berry fruits: compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(3):627–9; doi: 10.10 21/jf071988k.
28.
Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2010; 68(3):168–77; doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00 273.x.
29.
Vahapoglu B, Erskine E, Subasi BG, Capanoglu E. Recent studies on berry bioactives and their health- promoting roles. Molecules. 2021;27(1):108; doi: 10.3390/molecules27010108.
30.
Bowen-Forbes CS, Zhang Y, Nair MG. Anthocyanin content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of blackberry and raspberry fruits. J Food Comp Analysis. 2010;23(6): 554–60; doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.012.
31.
Souza TCM, Goston JL, Martins-Costa HC, Minighin EC, Anastacio LR. Can anthocyanins reduce delayed onset muscle soreness or are we barking up the wrong tree? Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2022;27(3):265–75; doi: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.3. 265.
32.
Fuchs CJ, Gonzalez JT, van Loon LJC. Fructose co-ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes. J Physiol. 2019;597(14):3549–60; doi: 10.1113/JP277116.
33.
Clements W, Lee S-R, Bloomer R. Nitrate ingestion: a review of the health and physical performance effects. Nutrients. 2014;6(11):5224–64; doi: 10.3390/ nu6115224.
34.
Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(5): 1146–55; doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146.
35.
Jannas-Vela S, Espinosa A, Candia AA, Flores- -Opazo M, Penailillo L, Valenzuela R. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their lipid mediators on skeletal muscle regeneration: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2023;15(4):871; doi: 10.3390/nu15040871.
36.
Hargreaves M, Spriet LL. Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Nat Metab. 2020;2: 817–28; doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-0251-4.
37.
Jouris KB, McDaniel JL, Weiss EP. The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the inflammatory response to eccentric strength exercise. J Sports Sci Med. 2011;10(3):432–8.
38.
Chacińska M, Zabielski P, Książek M, Szałaj P, Jarząbek K, Kojta I, Chabowski A, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. The impact of OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance and content of adipocytokines and biologically active lipids in adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed rats. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):835; doi: 10.3390/nu11040835.
39.
Bartelme RP, Smith MC, Sepulveda-Villet OJ, Newton RJ. Component microenvironments and system biogeography structure microorganism distributions in recirculating aquaculture and aquaponic systems. mSphere. 2019;4(4): e00143- 19; doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00143-19.
40.
Gosnell H, Charnley S, Stanley P. Climate change mitigation as a co-benefit of regenerative ranching: insights from Australia and the United States. Interface Focus. 2020;10:20200027; doi: 10.1098/ rsfs.2020.0027.
42.
Yu J, Wang L, Zhang Z. Plant-based meat proteins: processing, nutrition composition, and future prospects. Foods. 2023;12(22):4180; doi: 10.3390/ foods12224180.
43.
Carlberg C, Raczyk M, Zawrotna N. Vitamin D: a master example of nutrigenomics. Redox Biol. 2023;62:102695; doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102695.
44.
Carsten C, Ulven SM, Molnar F. Nutrigenomics. How Science Works. Cham: Springer; 2020.
45.
Kiani AK, Bonetti G, Donato K, Kaftalli J, Herbst KL, Stuppia L, Fioretti F, Nodari S, Perrone M, Chiurazzi P, Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Bertelli M. Polymorphisms, diet and nutrigenomics. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022;63(2, Suppl 3):125–41; doi: 10.15 167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2754.
46.
Ordovas JM, Ferguson LR, Tai ES, Mathers JC. Personalised nutrition and health. BMJ. 2018;361: bmj.k2173; doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2173.
47.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium; Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, Marchini JL, McCarthy S, McVean GA, Abecasis GR. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature. 2015;526:68–74; doi: 10.1038/ nature15393.
48.
Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Allayee H, Chmurzynska A, Choi MS, Curi R, De Caterina R, Ferguson LR, Goni L, Kang JX, Kohlmeier M, Marti A, Moreno LA, Perusse L, Prasad C, Qi L, Reifen R, Riezu- Boj JI, San-Cristobal R, Santos JL, Martinez JA. Guide for current nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and nutriepigenetic approaches for precision nutrition involving the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with obesity. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2017;10(1–2):43–62; doi: 10.1159/000477729.
49.
Martinez JA. Perspectives on personalized nutrition for obesity. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2014;7:I–III; doi: 10.1159/000365158.
50.
Meisel SF, Carere DA, Wardle J, Kalia SS, Moreno TA, Mountain JL, Roberts JS, Green RC; PGen Study Group. Explaining, not just predicting, drives interest in personal genomics. Genome Med. 2015;7:74; doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0188-5.
51.
Caradonna F, Consiglio O, Luparello C, Gentile C. Science and healthy meals in the world: nutritional epigenomics and nutrigenetics of the mediterranean diet. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1748; doi: 10.3390/nu12061748.
52.
La Scala S, Naselli F, Quatrini P, Gallo G, Caradonna F. Drought-adapted mediterranean diet plants: a source of bioactive molecules able to give nutrigenomic. Effects per se or to obtain functional foods. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(4):2235; doi: 10.3390/ijms25042235.
53.
Felisbino K, Granzotti JG, Bello-Santos L, Guiloski IC. Nutrigenomics in regulating the expression of genes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol. 2021;12; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699220.
54.
Tesoriere L, Butera D, Gentile C, Livrea MA. Bioactive components of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from sicily and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric digestion. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(21):8465–71; doi: 10.1021/jf0714113.
55.
Kalogiouri NP, Aalizadeh R, Thomaidis NS. Application of an advanced and wide scope non-target screening workflow with LC-ESI-QTOF-MS and chemometrics for the classification of the Greek olive oil varieties. Food Chem. 2018;256:53–61; doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.101.
56.
De Santis S, Cariello M, Piccinin E, Sabba C, Moschetta A. Extra virgin olive oil: lesson from nutrigenomics. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2085; doi: 10.3390/ nu11092085.
57.
Guest NS, Horne J, Vanderhout SM, El-Sohemy A. Sport nutrigenomics: personalized nutrition for athletic performance. Front Nutr. 2019;6:8; doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00008.
58.
Yang A, Palmer AA, de Wit H. Genetics of caffeine consumption and responses to caffeine. Psychopharmacology. 2010;211:245–57; doi: 10.1007/ s00213-010-1900-1.
59.
Volpes S, Cruciata I, Ceraulo F, Schimmenti C, Naselli F, Pinna C, Mauro M, Picone P, Dallavalle S, Nuzzo D, Pinto A, Caradonna F. Nutritional epigenomic and DNA-damage modulation effect of natural stilbenoids. Sci Rep. 2023;13:658; doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-27260-1.
60.
Semenova EA, Hall ECR, Ahmetov II. Genes and athletic performance: the 2023 update. Genes. 2023;14(6):1235; doi: 10.3390/genes14061235.
61.
Zulqarnain, Suleman S, Niaz AQ, Akram MN, Hadi B, Usman M, Sajjad M, Waseem M, Rajjab A, Muqarrab RM. The role of nutrigenomics in sports performance: a quantitative overview of gene-diet interactions. J Health Rehabil Res. 2024;4(1): 1713–8; doi: 10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.664.
62.
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LB. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(3):543–68; doi: 10.1249/ MSS.0000000000000852. Erratum: Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(1):222; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000 001162.
63.
Papadopoulou SK. Rehabilitation nutrition for injury recovery of athletes: the role of macronutrient intake. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2449; doi: 10.3390/nu12082449.
64.
Amawi A, AlKasasbeh W, Jaradat M, Almasri A, Alobaidi S, Hammad AA, Bishtawi T, Fataftah B, Turk N, Al Saoud H, Jarrar A, Ghazzawi H. Athletes’ nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements. Front Nutr. 2024;10; doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1331854.
65.
Henselmans M, Bjornsen T, Hedderman R, Varvik FT. The Effect of carbohydrate intake on strength and resistance training performance: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2022;14(4):856; doi: 10.3390/ nu14040856.
66.
Podlogar T, Wallis GA. New horizons in carbohydrate research and application for endurance athletes. Sports Med. 2022;52(Suppl 1):5–23; doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01757-1.
67.
Burke LM, Ackerman KE, Heikura IA, Hackney AC, Stellingwerff T. Mapping the complexities of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): development of a physiological model by a subgroup of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus on REDs. Br J Sports Med. 2023; 57:1098–110; doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107335.
68.
Li S, Kempe M, Brink M, Lemmink K. Effectiveness of recovery strategies after training and competition in endurance athletes: an umbrella review. Sports Med Open. 2024;10:55; doi: 10.1186/ s40798-024-00724-6.
69.
Wirth J, Hillesheim E, Brennan L. The role of protein intake and its timing on body composition and muscle function in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr. 2020;150(6):1443–60; doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa049.
70.
Baranauskas M, Kupčiūnaitė I, Stukas R. Dietary intake of protein and essential amino acids for sustainable muscle development in elite male athletes. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):4003; doi: 10.3390/ nu15184003.
71.
Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. Protein requirements for maximal muscle mass and athletic performance are achieved with completely plant-based diets scaled to meet energy needs: a modeling study in professional American football players. Nutrients. 2024;16(12):1903; doi: 10.3390/nu16121903.
72.
Oikawa SY, Brisbois TD, van Loon LJC, Rollo I. Eat like an athlete: insights of sports nutrition science to support active aging in healthy older adults. Geroscience. 2021;43:2485–95; doi: 10.10 07/s11357-021-00419-w.
73.
Spendlove J, Mitchell L, Gifford J, Hackett D, Slater G, Cobley S, O’Connor H. Dietary intake of competitive bodybuilders. Sports Med. 2015;45:1041– 63; doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0329-4.
74.
Tezze C, Sandri M, Tessari P. Anabolic resistance in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in the elderly: role of nutrition and exercise in young and old people. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):4073; doi: 10.3390/ nu15184073.
75.
Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR , Hirsch KR, Church DD, Kviatkovsky SA, Roberts MD, Stout JR, Gonzalez DE, Sowinski RJ, Kreider RB, Kerksick CM, Burd NA, Pasiakos SM, Ormsbee MJ, Arent SM, Arciero PJ, Campbell BI, VanDusseldorp TA, Jager R, Willoughby DS, Kalman DS, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: effects of essential amino acid supplementation on exercise and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023;20(1):2263409; doi: 10.1080/15502 783.2023.2263409.
76.
Fernandez-Lazaro D, Arribalzaga S, Gutierrez- -Abejon E, Azarbayjani MA, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Roche E. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on post-exercise inflammation, muscle damage, oxidative response, and sports performance in physically healthy adults – a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2024;16(13): 2044; doi: 10.3390/nu16132044.
77.
Baranauskas M, Kupčiūnaitė I, Lieponienė J, Stukas R. Association between variation in body fat mass magnitude and intake of nutrients, including carbohydrates, fat, and B vitamins, in a cohort of highly trained female athletes. Foods. 2023; 12(22):4152; doi: 10.3390/foods12224152.
78.
Pereira L, Cotas J, Goncalves A. Seaweed proteins: a step towards sustainability?. Nutrients. 2024; 16(8):1123; doi: 10.3390/nu16081123.
79.
Tavares JO, Cotas J, Valado A, Pereira L. Algae food products as a healthcare solution. Mar Drugs. 2023;21(11):578; doi: 10.3390/md21110578.
80.
Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tomasi P, Marincich L, Poli F. Plant secondary metabolites: an opportunity for circular economy. Molecules. 2021;26(2): 495; doi: 10.3390/molecules26020495.
81.
Adarshan S, Sree VSS, Muthuramalingam P, Nambiar KS, Sevanan M, Satish L, Venkidasamy B, Jeelani PG, Shin H. Understanding macroalgae: a comprehensive exploration of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and omics dimensions. Plants. 2023;13(1):113; doi: 10.3390/plants13010113.
82.
Dambuza A, Rungqu P, Oyedeji AO, Miya G, Oriola AO, Hosu YS, Oyedeji OO . Therapeutic potential of pectin and its derivatives in chronic diseases. Molecules. 2024;29(4):896; doi: 10.3390/ molecules29040896.
83.
Singh NK, Baranwal J, Pati S, Barse B, Khan RH, Kumar A. Application of plant products in the synthesis and functionalisation of biopolymers. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;237:124174; doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124174.
84.
Frosi I, Balduzzi A, Moretto G, Colombo R, Papetti A. Towards valorization of food-waste-deri ved pectin: recent advances on their characterization and application. Molecules. 2023;28(17): 6390; doi: 10.3390/molecules28176390.
85.
Chavan AR, Singh AK, Gupta RK, Nakhate SP, Poddar BJ, Gujar VV, Purohit HJ, Khardenavis AA. Recent trends in the biotechnology of functional non-digestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2023;39(2): 465–510; doi: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2152627.
86.
Narisetty V, Parhi P, Mohan B, Hazeena SH, Kumar AN, Gullon B, Srivastava A, Nair LM, Alphy MP, Sindhu R, Kumar V, Castro E, Awasthi MK, Binod P. Valorization of renewable resources to functional oligosaccharides: recent trends and future prospective. Bioresour Technol. 2022;346: 126590; doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126590.
87.
Mohanty D, Misra S, Mohapatra S, Sahu PS. Prebiotics and synbiotics: recent concepts in nutrition. Food Biosci. 2018;26:152–60; doi: 10.1016/j.fbio. 2018.10.008.
88.
Anvarifard P, Ostadrahimi A, Ardalan M, Anbari M, Ghoreishi Z. The effects of propolis on pro- -oxidant–antioxidant balance, glycemic control, and quality of life in chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13:9884; doi: 10.1038/s41598-023- 37033-z.
89.
Boggia R, Zunin P, Turrini F. Functional foods and food supplements. Appl Sci. 2020;10(23):8538; doi: 10.3390/app10238538.
90.
Orru S, Imperlini E, Nigro E, Alfieri A, Cevenini A, Polito R, Daniele A, Buono P, Mancini A. Role of functional beverages on sport performance and recovery. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1470; doi: 10.33 90/nu10101470.
91.
Aoi W, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Exercise and functional foods. Nutr J. 2006;5:15; doi: 10.1186/ 1475-2891-5-15.
92.
Saris WHM. Functional foods for athletes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999;2(6):511–3; doi: 10.1097/00075197-199911000-00014.
93.
Siro I, Kapolna E, Kapolna B, Lugasi A. Functional food. Product development, marketing and consumer acceptance a review. appetite. 2008;51(3): 456–67; doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.05.060.
94.
Barrett CB, Benton T, Fanzo J, Herrero M, Nelson RJ, Bageant E, Buckler E, Cooper K, Culotta I, Fan S, Gandhi R, James S, Kahn M, Lawson-Lartego L, Liu J, Marshall Q, Mason-D’Croz D, Mathys A, Mathys C, Mazariegos-Anastassiou V, Miller A, Misra K, Mude A, Shen J, Sibanda LM, Song C, Steiner R, Thornton P, Wood S. Socio- -Technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-Food Systems Transformation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022.
95.
Ferrantelli V, Vasto S, Alongi A, Sabatino L, Baldassano D, Caldarella R, Gagliano R, Di Rosa L, Consentino BB, Vultaggio L, Baldassano S. Boosting plant food polyphenol concentration by saline eustress as supplement strategies for the prevention of metabolic syndrome: an example of randomized interventional trial in the adult population. Front Nutr. 2023;10:10:1288064; doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288064.
96.
Mule F, Amato A, Baldassano S, Serio R. Evidence for a modulatory role of cannabinoids on the excitatory NANC neurotransmission in mouse colon. Pharmacol Res. 2007;56(2):132–9; doi: 10.1016/ j.phrs.2007.04.019. [97].
97.
Baldassano S, Amato A, Rappa F, Cappello F, Mule F1. Influence of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 on lipid disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. Endocr Res. 2016;41(4):317–24; doi: 10.3109/ 07435800.2016.1141950.
98.
Baldassano S, Tesoriere L, Rotondo A, Serio R, Livrea MA, Mule F. Inhibition of the mechanical activity of mouse ileum by cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica, L, Mill.) fruit extract and its pigment indicaxanthin. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(13): 7565–71; doi: 10.1021/jf100434e.
99.
Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson- -Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, Rawson ES, Walsh NP, Garthe I, Geyer H, Meeusen R, van Loon LJC, Shirreffs SM, Spriet LL, Stuart M, Vernec A, Currell K, Ali VM, Budgett RG, Ljungqvist A, Mountjoy M, Pitsiladis YP, Soligard T, Erdener U, Engebretsen L. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(7):439– 55; doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1899-1955 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
