ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization of external load in different types of exercise in professional soccer
More details
Hide details
1
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
2
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
3
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece
4
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
5
Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
6
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
Submission date: 2020-06-11
Acceptance date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2021-08-17
Hum Mov. 2022;23(1):89-95
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
To compare the duration of exercise and magnitude of external load per type of exercise (warm-up, small-sided games, position games – movements with/without ball but without the dynamics of a real game, simulations of real games – 11 vs. 11, fitness exercises, large-sided games, technical drills) during different training days in professional soccer players and test the relationships between duration of exercise and the external load.
Methods:
Overall, 22 professional soccer players (25.1 ± 2.9 years, 181.9 ± 6.3 cm, 73.1 ± 6.3 kg) were daily monitored by a microelectromechanical system. The training duration (minutes) and the external load measures of total distance covered and high-speed running distance were collected for each type of exercise.
Results:
Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in training duration, total distance covered, and high-speed running distance between the exercises (p < 0.001). A greater total distance was covered in simulations of real games (2321 m/session), as well as high-speed running (84.6 m/session). The total distance covered in simulations of real games was greater by 77% than in small-sided games, while that in high-speed running in simulations of real games was greater by 153% than in large-sided games.
Conclusions:
The study revealed that simulations of real games and position games were the exercises that occupied the most time in the sessions and that the simulations of real games were the greatest contributor to distance covered and distance covered at high-speed running.
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Internal and external training load: 15 years on. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(2):270–273; doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935.
2.
Burgess DJ. The research doesn’t always apply: practical solutions to evidence-based training-load monitoring in elite team sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(Suppl. 2):S2136–S2141; doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0608.
3.
Gaudino P, Iaia FM, Alberti G, Strudwick AJ, Atkinson G, Gregson W. Monitoring training in elite soccer players: systematic bias between running speed and metabolic power data. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(11):963–968; doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1337943.
4.
Portas MD, Harley JA, Barnes CA, Rush CJ. The validity and reliability of 1-Hz and 5-Hz global positioning systems for linear, multidirectional, and soccer-specific activities. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010;5(4):448–458; doi: 10.1123/ijspp.5.4.448.
5.
Randers MB, Mujika I, Hewitt A, Santisteban J, Bischoff R, Solano R, et al. Application of four different football match analysis systems: a comparative study. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(2):171–182; doi: 10.1080/02640410903428525.
6.
Waldron M, Worsfold P, Twist C, Lamb K. Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a global positioning system (GPS) and timing gates to assess sprint performance variables. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(15):1613–1619; doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.608703.
7.
Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Marcora SM. Physiological assessment of aerobic training in soccer. J Sports Sci. 2005;23(6):583–592; doi: 10.1080/02640410400021278.
8.
Scott TJ, Black CR, Quinn J, Coutts AJ. Validity and reliability of the session-RPE method for quantifying training in Australian football. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(1):270–276; doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d2e.
9.
Sarmento H, Clemente FM, Harper LD, da Costa IT, Owen A, Figueiredo AJ. Small sided games in soccer – a systematic review. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2018;18(5):693–749; doi: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1517288.
10.
Clemente FM, Sarmento H. The effects of small-sided soccer games on technical actions and skills: a systematic review. Hum Mov. 2020;21(3):100–119; doi: 10.5114/hm.2020.93014.
11.
Owen AL, Wong DP, Paul D, Dellal A. Physical and technical comparisons between various-sided games within professional soccer. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(4):286–292; doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351333.
12.
Reilly T. The science of training – soccer. Abingdon: Routledge; 2007.
13.
Clemente FM, Mendes B, Nikolaidis PT, Calvete F, Carriço S, Owen AL. Internal training load and its longitudinal relationship with seasonal player wellness in elite professional soccer. Physiol Behav. 2017;179:262–267; doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.06.021.
14.
Kelly DM, Strudwick AJ, Atkinson G, Drust B, Gregson W. Quantification of training and match-load distribution across a season in elite English Premier League soccer players. Sci Med Footb. 2020;4(1):59–67; doi: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1651934.
15.
Jeong T-S, Reilly T, Morton J, Bae S-W, Drust B. Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of “pre-season” and one week of “in-season” training in professional soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(11):1161–1166; doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.583671.
16.
Clemente FM, Oliveira H, Vaz T, Carriço S, Calvete F, Mendes B. Variations of perceived load and well-being between normal and congested weeks in elite case study handball team. Res Sports Med. 2019;27(3):412–423; doi: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1530998.
17.
Harriss DJ, MacSween A, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. Int J Sports Med. 2019;40(13):813–817; doi: 10.1055/a-1015-3123.
18.
Nikolaidis PT, Clemente FM, van der Linden CMI, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Validity and reliability of 10-Hz global positioning system to assess in-line movement and change of direction. Front Physiol. 2018;9:228; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00228.
19.
Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med. 2013;43(5):313–338; doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x.
20.
Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2006;1(1):50–57; doi: 10.1123/ijspp.1.1.50.
21.
Clemente FM, Sarmento H, Rabbani A, Van Der Linden CMI (Niels), Kargarfard M, Costa IT. Variations of external load variables between medium- and large sided soccer games in professional players. Res Sports Med. 2019;27(1):50–59; doi: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1511560.
22.
Clemente FM. The threats of small-sided soccer games: a discussion about their differences with the match external load demands and their variability levels. Strength Cond J. 2020;42(3):100–105; doi: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000526.
23.
Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Med. 2013;43(10):927–954; doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0066-5.
24.
Rabbani A, Clemente FM, Kargarfard M, Jahangiri S. Combined small-sided game and high-intensity interval training in soccer players: the effect of exercise order. J Hum Kinet. 2019;69(1):249–257; doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0092.
25.
Dalen T, Sandmæl S, Stevens TGA, Hjelde GH, Kjøsnes TN, Wisløff U. Differences in acceleration and highintensity activities between small-sided games and peak periods of official matches in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(7):2018–2024; doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003081.