ORIGINAL PAPER
Contribution of biological maturation and power of upper and lower limbs to crawl swim performance in adolescent athletes
1
Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
2
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
3
Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
4
Health Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
Submission date: 2021-12-15
Acceptance date: 2022-07-04
Publication date: 2022-07-16
Hum Mov. 2023;24(2):85-93
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
There is no consensus in literature data about the influence of biological maturation (BM) on swim performance in young athletes. We analysed the relationship of BM, upper-limb power (ULP), and lower-limb power (LLP) with adolescent athletes’ performance in crawl swim.
Methods:
This observational study determined the BM of 16 competitive swimmers (50% males and 50% females; 12.90 ± 0.88 years) by a mathematical model based on bone age and anthropometric measures. ULP and LLP were established by the horizontal launch test and the vertical and countermovement jump tests on a force platform, respectively. Swim performance was evaluated by the average speed in a 100-m crawl sprint.
Results:
BM was related to ULP (males: r = 0.76, p = 0.001; females: r = 0.39, p = 0.02), LLP (males: vertical jump r = 0.80, p = 0.02, countermovement jump r = 0.48, p = 0.02; females: vertical jump r = 0.30, p = 0.04, countermovement jump r = 0.80, p = 0.01), and crawl swim performance (males: r = –0.91, p = 0.001; females: r = –0.72, p = 0.04). BM had a 87% contribution to crawl swim performance in males and a 66% contribution in females. ULP and LLP showed < 50% contribution to crawl swim performance in both females and males.
Conclusions:
BM was associated with crawl swim performance of adolescent athletes of both sexes. BM exhibited a stronger contribution to crawl swim performance than ULP and LLP in adolescent swimmers at the puberty window.
There is no consensus in literature data about the influence of biological maturation (BM) on swim performance in young athletes. We analysed the relationship of BM, upper-limb power (ULP), and lower-limb power (LLP) with adolescent athletes’ performance in crawl swim.
Methods:
This observational study determined the BM of 16 competitive swimmers (50% males and 50% females; 12.90 ± 0.88 years) by a mathematical model based on bone age and anthropometric measures. ULP and LLP were established by the horizontal launch test and the vertical and countermovement jump tests on a force platform, respectively. Swim performance was evaluated by the average speed in a 100-m crawl sprint.
Results:
BM was related to ULP (males: r = 0.76, p = 0.001; females: r = 0.39, p = 0.02), LLP (males: vertical jump r = 0.80, p = 0.02, countermovement jump r = 0.48, p = 0.02; females: vertical jump r = 0.30, p = 0.04, countermovement jump r = 0.80, p = 0.01), and crawl swim performance (males: r = –0.91, p = 0.001; females: r = –0.72, p = 0.04). BM had a 87% contribution to crawl swim performance in males and a 66% contribution in females. ULP and LLP showed < 50% contribution to crawl swim performance in both females and males.
Conclusions:
BM was associated with crawl swim performance of adolescent athletes of both sexes. BM exhibited a stronger contribution to crawl swim performance than ULP and LLP in adolescent swimmers at the puberty window.
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