ORIGINAL PAPER
Bioelectrical impedance components and the mass and strength of the upper limb skeletal muscles of young adults
1
Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
Submission date: 2020-02-06
Acceptance date: 2020-05-20
Publication date: 2020-07-08
Hum Mov. 2020;21(4):111-117
KEYWORDS
bioelectrical impedance analysisappendicular skeletal musclehand grip strengthmuscle quality indexyoung adults
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate bioelectrical impedance components as markers of mass and strength of upper limb skeletal muscles in young adults.
Material and methods:
The study involved 89 healthy adults aged 19–26 years. Body height and mass and hand grip strength were measured. Resistance, reactance, and phase angle were established with the bioelectrical impedance analysis. A prediction equation was used to estimate appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Relationships of the impedance components with the proportion of skeletal muscles in the total appendicular muscle mass and with the strength and functional quality indices were examined.
Results:
Differences between women and men for all the impedance components and relationships between these components and appendicular skeletal muscle mass and strength have been shown. Higher muscle mass and hand grip strength values were registered in males than in females, but the percentage of skeletal muscles in the appendicular muscle mass and the muscle strength index were found to be lower in men. No differences were found in the quality of the upper extremity skeletal muscles between the gender groups.
Conclusions:
Impedance components are good identifiers of differences in the mass and strength of the appendicular skeletal muscles in healthy adults. Phase angle and reactance are strong predictors of skeletal muscle participation in total limb muscle mass. Higher strength generated by unit muscle mass is identified by higher reactance, which assesses the quality of soft tissues.
The aim of this study was to evaluate bioelectrical impedance components as markers of mass and strength of upper limb skeletal muscles in young adults.
Material and methods:
The study involved 89 healthy adults aged 19–26 years. Body height and mass and hand grip strength were measured. Resistance, reactance, and phase angle were established with the bioelectrical impedance analysis. A prediction equation was used to estimate appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Relationships of the impedance components with the proportion of skeletal muscles in the total appendicular muscle mass and with the strength and functional quality indices were examined.
Results:
Differences between women and men for all the impedance components and relationships between these components and appendicular skeletal muscle mass and strength have been shown. Higher muscle mass and hand grip strength values were registered in males than in females, but the percentage of skeletal muscles in the appendicular muscle mass and the muscle strength index were found to be lower in men. No differences were found in the quality of the upper extremity skeletal muscles between the gender groups.
Conclusions:
Impedance components are good identifiers of differences in the mass and strength of the appendicular skeletal muscles in healthy adults. Phase angle and reactance are strong predictors of skeletal muscle participation in total limb muscle mass. Higher strength generated by unit muscle mass is identified by higher reactance, which assesses the quality of soft tissues.
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