ORIGINAL PAPER
An innovative approach to the physical fitness of 10–12-year-old Armenian judokas: high-intensity functional training and results
1
Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Yerevan, Armenia
2
Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
Submission date: 2024-03-07
Acceptance date: 2024-09-21
Online publication date: 2025-09-24
Corresponding author
Katie M. Heinrich
Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1342 Lover’s Lane, room 147, Manhattan, KS 66506, KS, USA
Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1342 Lover’s Lane, room 147, Manhattan, KS 66506, KS, USA
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
Sports success depends on innovative training methods. High-intensity functional training (HIFT) incorporates weightlifting, gymnastics, aerobics, and other sports elements. Due to its innovative methodology, HIFT has gained considerable popularity. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of a HIFT-based program among 10–12-year-old judokas.
Methods:
Twenty male participants (11 ± 0.64 years) were randomly assigned to either HIFT (experimental, n = 10) or traditional training (control, n = 10) groups for 40 weeks. Fitness and judo-specific skill testing (i.e., O Soto Gari and O Goshi throws) occurred pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. HIFT was implemented twice weekly for 15–20 min. The control group completed traditional physical fitness training. The training load was matched across groups.
Results:
Both groups improved in pull-ups, long jumps, shuttle runs, 800-metre runs, leg raises, and judo throws. The experimental group improved significantly more on pull-ups (7.6 ± 5.6, p = 0.024), push-ups (20.3 ± 4.2, p = 0.001), squats (63 ± 8.8, p < 0.001), leg raises (13.3 ± 8.0, p < 0.001), burpees (13.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.007), and throws (O Soto Gari 19.71 ± 0.90, p = 0.033, O Goshi 20.61 ± 0.86, p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
HIFT may improve the fitness and judo-specific skills of 10–12-year-old judokas while not negatively reflecting on the performance quality of basic techniques of judokas.
Sports success depends on innovative training methods. High-intensity functional training (HIFT) incorporates weightlifting, gymnastics, aerobics, and other sports elements. Due to its innovative methodology, HIFT has gained considerable popularity. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of a HIFT-based program among 10–12-year-old judokas.
Methods:
Twenty male participants (11 ± 0.64 years) were randomly assigned to either HIFT (experimental, n = 10) or traditional training (control, n = 10) groups for 40 weeks. Fitness and judo-specific skill testing (i.e., O Soto Gari and O Goshi throws) occurred pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. HIFT was implemented twice weekly for 15–20 min. The control group completed traditional physical fitness training. The training load was matched across groups.
Results:
Both groups improved in pull-ups, long jumps, shuttle runs, 800-metre runs, leg raises, and judo throws. The experimental group improved significantly more on pull-ups (7.6 ± 5.6, p = 0.024), push-ups (20.3 ± 4.2, p = 0.001), squats (63 ± 8.8, p < 0.001), leg raises (13.3 ± 8.0, p < 0.001), burpees (13.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.007), and throws (O Soto Gari 19.71 ± 0.90, p = 0.033, O Goshi 20.61 ± 0.86, p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
HIFT may improve the fitness and judo-specific skills of 10–12-year-old judokas while not negatively reflecting on the performance quality of basic techniques of judokas.
REFERENCES (37)
1.
Giudicelli BB , Luz LGO, Santos DHB, Sarmento H, Massart AGM, Junior ATDC, Field A, Figueiredo AJB. Age and maturity effects on morphological and physical performance measures of adolescent judo athletes. J Hum Kinet. 2021;80:139–51; doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0090.
2.
Ransdell LB, Murray T. Functional movement screening: an important tool for female athletes. Strength Cond J. 2016;38(2):40–8; doi: 10.1519/ SSC.0000000000000209.
3.
Torres-Luque G, Hernandez-Garcia R, Garatachea N, Nikolaidis PT. Anthropometric characteristics and neuromuscular function in young judo athletes by sex, age and weight category. Sport Sci Health. 2015;11:117–24; doi: 10.1007/s11332- 015-0218-0.
4.
What is Judo? Available from: http://kodokanjudoinstitute. org/en/beginner/about/ (accessed 08.06.2024).
5.
Boychenko N, Jagiello W. Achieving optimal physical fitness and health safety in 19–21-year old judo athletes. Pedagogy Health. 2023;2(1):4–10; doi: 10.15561/health.2023.0101.
6.
Novian G, Komarudin K, Sidik DZ, Purnamasari I, Rosdiana F. Complex training methods and maximal strength: an experimental study on judo athletes. J Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga Dan Kesehatan Undiksha. 2024;12(3):166–70; doi: 10.23887/ jjp.v12i3.93729.
7.
Zhang Z, Xie L, Ji H, Chen L, Gao C, He J, Lu M, Yang Q, Sun J, Li D. Effects of different work-torest ratios of high-intensity interval training on physical performance and physiological responses in male college judo athletes. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2024; 22(3):245–53; doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.009.
8.
Detanico D, Kons RL, Fukuda DH, Teixeira AS. Physical performance in young judo at hletes: influence of somatic maturation, growth, and training experience. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2020;91(3):425– 32; doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1679334.
9.
Feito Y, Heinrich KM, Butcher SJ, Poston WSC. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT): definition and research implications for improved fitness. Sports. 2018;6(3):76; doi: 10.3390/sports 6030076.
10.
Knapik JJ. Extreme conditioning programs: potential benefits and potential risks. J Spec Oper Med. 2015;15(3):108–13; doi: 10.55460/8J8E- -2Q8D.
11.
Mate-Munoz JL, Lougedo JH, Barba M, Garcia- Fernandez P, Garnacho-Castano MV, Dominguez R. Muscular fatigue in response to different modalities of CrossFit sessions. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(7): e0181855; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181855.
12.
Tibana RA, de Almeida LM, de Sousa NMF, Nascimento DC, Neto IV, de Almeida JA, de Souza VC, Lopes MFTPL, Nobrega OT, Vieira DCL, Navalta JW, Prestes J. Two consecutive days of crossfit training affects pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoprotegerin without impairments in muscle power. Front Physiol. 2016;7:260; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00260.
13.
Crawford DA, Drake NB, Carper MJ, De Blauw J, Heinrich KM. Are changes in physical work capacity induced by high-intensity functional training related to changes in associated physiologic measures?. Sports. 2018;6(2):26; doi: 10.3390/sports 6020026.
14.
Wang X, Soh KG, Samsudin S, Deng N, Liu X, Zhao Y, Akbar S. Effects of high-intensity functional training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance among the athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis [published correction appears in PLOS ONE. 2024;19(2):e0299281; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299281]. PLOS ONE. 2023; 18(12):e0295531; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.02 95531.
15.
Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wojna J, Zuwala-Jagiello J. Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest, after wingate and progressive tests, and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;66:811–21.
16.
McDougle JM, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, Feito Y. Acute physiological outcomes of high-intensity functional training: a scoping review. PeerJ. 2023;11:e14493; doi: 10.7717/peerj. 14493.
17.
Manas-Paris A, Muyor JM, Oliva-Lozano JM. Using inertial and physiological sensors to investigate the effects of a high-intensity interval training and plyometric program on the performance of young judokas. Sensors. 2022;22(22):8759; doi: 10.3390/s22228759.
18.
Falk Neto JH, Kennedy MD. The multimodal nature of high-intensity functional training: potential applications to improve sport performance. Sports. 2019;7(2):33; doi: 10.3390/sports7020033.
19.
Ryzkova E, Labudova J, Grznar Ľ, Šmida M. Original article effects of aquafitness with high intensity interval training on physical fitness. J Phys Educ Sport. 2018;18(1):373–81.
20.
Osipov AY, Nagovitsyn RS, Zekrin FH, Fendel TV, Zubkov DA, Zhavner TV. Crossfit training impact on the level of special physical fitness of young athletes practicing judo. Sport Mont. 2019;17(3): 9–12; 2019; doi: 10.26773/smj.191014.
21.
da Silva LS, Neto NRT , Lopes-Silva JP, Leandro CG, Silva-Cavalcante MD. Training protocols and specific performance in judo athletes: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2021; doi: 10.1519/ JSC.0000000000004015.
22.
Abramenkov P. CrossFit as a means of improving the process physical training of young athletestaekwondi at the training stage (stage of sports specialization). Hum Health Theory Method Phys Cult Sports. 2022;1(25):121–30.
23.
Osipov AY, Kudryavtsev MD, Iermakov SS, Jagiełło W. Increase in level of special physical fitness of the athletes specialising in different combat sports (judo, sambo, combat sambo) through of crossFit training. Arch Budo. 2018;14.
24.
Lloyd RS, Cronin JB, Faigenbaum AD, Haff GG, Howard R, Kraemer WJ, Micheli LJ, Myer GD, Oliver JL. National strength and conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(6): 1491–509; doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001387.
25.
Myer GD, Lloyd RS, Brent JL, Faigenbaum AD. How young is “too young” to start training?. ACSMs Health Fit J. 2013;17(5):14–23; doi: 10.1249/FIT. 0b013e3182a06c59.
26.
For the sake of the future of judo and becoming competitive in the international arena. Problems of sports [in Armenian]. Available from: https:// sport.mediamax.am/am/news/articles/50434 (accessed 25.06.2024).
27.
Kons RL, Da Silva Junior JN, Follmer B, Katcipis LFG, Almansba R, Detanico D. Validity of judospecific tests to assess neuromuscular performance of judo athletes. Sports Biomech. 2021;20(2):178– 89; doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1527942.
28.
Kons RL, Detanico D, Ache-Dias J, Dal Pupo J. Relationship between physical fitness and matchderived performance in judo athletes according to weight category. Sport Sci Health. 2019;15:361– 68; doi: 10.1007/s11332-018-00524-y.
29.
Agostinho MF, Junior JAO, Stankovic N, Escobar- Molina R, Franchini E. Comparison of special judo fitness test and dynamic and isometric judo chinup tests’ performance and classificatory tables’ development for cadet and junior athletes. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018;14(2):244–52; doi: 10.12965/jer. 1836020.010.
30.
Kons RL, da Silva Athayde MS, da Silva Junior JN, Katcipis LFG, Detanico D. Predictors of judo-specific tasks from neuromuscular performance in young athletes aged 11-16 years. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020;15(3):365–73.
31.
Feito Y, Patel P, Sal Redondo A, Heinrich KM. Effects of eight weeks of high intensity functional training on glucose control and body composition among overweight and obese adults. Sports. 2019; 7(2):51; doi: 10.3390/sports7020051.
32.
Navalta JW, Stone WJ, Lyons TS. Ethical issues relating to scientific discovery in exercise science. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020;12(1):1–8.
33.
Avetisyan AV, Chatinyan AA, Streetman AE, Heinrich KM. The effectiveness of a CrossFit training program for improving physical fitness of young judokas: a pilot study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2022;7(4),83; doi: 10.3390/jfmk7040083.
34.
Mishra P, Pandey CM, Singh U, Gupta A, Sahu C, Keshri A. Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Ann Card Anaesth. 2019; 22(1):67–72; doi: 10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18.
35.
Glassman G. CrossFit Level 1 Training Guide. 3rd ed. CrossFit Incorporated: Boulder; 2020.
36.
Meyer J, Morrison J, Zuniga J. The benefits and risks of crossfit: a systematic review. Workplace Health Saf. 2017;65(12):612–18; doi: 10.1177/ 2165079916685568.
37.
Barth M, Gullich A, Macnamara BN, Hambrick DZ. Predictors of junior versus senior elite performance are opposite: a systematic review and meta-analysis of participation patterns. Sports Med. 2022;52(6):1399–416; doi: 10.1007/s40279- 021-01625-4.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1899-1955 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
