ORIGINAL PAPER
Acute effect of bounce drop jump and countermovement drop jump with and without additional load on jump performance parameters and reactive strength index on young gymnasts
1
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Submission date: 2021-12-01
Acceptance date: 2023-02-22
Publication date: 2023-08-04
Hum Mov. 2023;24(3):95-105
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
Reactive strength index defines an athlete’s stretch-shortening cycle function and rebound capabilities. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of two types of drop jumps (bounce drop jump: BDJ and countermovement drop jump: CDJ) on the jump parameters and reactive strength index under two different conditions (with and without additional load) from different drop box heights.
Methods:
Twelve female artistic gymnasts aged 10–12 years old volunteered to participate in this study. Drop jumps (DJ) were performed from 20-, 25-, 30, and 35-cm heights under two conditions: without additional load (FREE) and with additional load (VEST).
Results:
No interaction effect was found between the drop jump height, drop jump type and condition parameters, between the drop jump type and load parameters, or between the drop jump height and condition parameters. However, an interaction effect was observed between the drop jump type and load parameters for the reactive strength index. The drop box height (DBH) did not affect any of the dependent variables and the drop jump type with the VEST condition was more effective in improving the examined variables.
Conclusions:
The CDJ produces a lower reduction in the jump height under both the FREE and VEST conditions from different DBHs with an optimum DBH of 30 cm, while stiffness can be improved with both types of jumps from a DBH 25 cm. The characteristics of jumps, such as BDJ and CDJ and DBH, are determinants of the resulting jump height.
Reactive strength index defines an athlete’s stretch-shortening cycle function and rebound capabilities. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of two types of drop jumps (bounce drop jump: BDJ and countermovement drop jump: CDJ) on the jump parameters and reactive strength index under two different conditions (with and without additional load) from different drop box heights.
Methods:
Twelve female artistic gymnasts aged 10–12 years old volunteered to participate in this study. Drop jumps (DJ) were performed from 20-, 25-, 30, and 35-cm heights under two conditions: without additional load (FREE) and with additional load (VEST).
Results:
No interaction effect was found between the drop jump height, drop jump type and condition parameters, between the drop jump type and load parameters, or between the drop jump height and condition parameters. However, an interaction effect was observed between the drop jump type and load parameters for the reactive strength index. The drop box height (DBH) did not affect any of the dependent variables and the drop jump type with the VEST condition was more effective in improving the examined variables.
Conclusions:
The CDJ produces a lower reduction in the jump height under both the FREE and VEST conditions from different DBHs with an optimum DBH of 30 cm, while stiffness can be improved with both types of jumps from a DBH 25 cm. The characteristics of jumps, such as BDJ and CDJ and DBH, are determinants of the resulting jump height.
REFERENCES (40)
1.
Flanagan EP, Comyns TM. The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretch-shortening cycle training. Strength Cond J. 2008;30(5):32– 38; doi: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e318187e25b.
2.
Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Hughes MG, Williams CA. The effects of 4-weeks of plyometric training on reactive strength index and leg stiffness in male youths. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(10):2812–2819; doi: 10.1519/JSC. 0b013e318242d2ec.
3.
Dallas GC, Pappas P, Ntallas CG, Paradisis GP, Exell TA. The effect of four weeks of plyometric training on reactive strength index and leg stiffness is sport dependent. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020;60(7):979–984; doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10384-0.
4.
Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KG, Litjens MC, Van Soest AJ. Why is counter movement jump height greater than squat jump height? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(11): 1402–1012; doi: 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00009.
5.
Markovic G. Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta-analytical review. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(6):349–355; doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.035113.
6.
Bobbert MF. Drop jumping as a training method for jumping ability. Sports Med. 1990;9:7–22; doi: 10.2165/ 00007256-199009010-00002.
7.
McClymont D, Hore A. Use of the reactive strength index (RSI) as an indicator of plyometric training conditions. In: Reilly T, Cabri J, Araujo D (eds.) Science and Football V. The Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on Sports Science and Football. London–New York: Routledge; 2005:408–416.
8.
Young WB, Pryor JF, Wilson GJ. Effect of instructions on characteristics of countermovement and drop jump performance. J Strength Cond Res. 1995;9(4): 232–236.
9.
Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Hughes MG, Williams CA. Reliability and validity of field-based measures of leg stiffness and reactive strength index in youths. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(14):1565–73; doi: 10.1080/02640410903311 572.
10.
Marshall BM, Moran KA. Which drop jump technique is most effective at enhancing countermovement jump ability, “countermovement” drop jump or “bounce” drop jump? J Sports Sci. 2013;31(12):1368–74; doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.789921.
11.
Alemdaroğlu U. The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertical jump performance in professional basketball players. J Hum Kinet. 2012;31:149–58; doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0016-6.
12.
Markovic G, Mikulic P. Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Med. 2010;40(10):859–895; doi: 10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000.
13.
Marwick WJ, Bird SP, Tufano JJ, Seitz LB, Haff GG. The intraday reliability of the reactive strength index calculated from a drop jump in professional men’s basketball. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(4):482– 488; doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0265.
14.
Kinser AM, Ramsey MW, O’Bryant HS, Ayres CA, Sands WA, Stone MH. Vibration and stretching effects on flexibility and explosive strength in young gymnasts. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):133–140; doi: 10.1249/ mss.0b013e3181586b13.
15.
Kulas A, Zalewski P, Hortobagyi T, DeVita P. Effects of added trunk load and corresponding trunk position adaptations on lower extremity biomechanics during drop-landings. J Biomech. 2008;41(1):180–185; doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.06.027.
16.
Moran KA, Wallace ES. Eccentric loading and range of knee joint motion effects on performance enhancement in vertical jumping. Hum Mov Sci. 2007;26(6):824–840; doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.05.001.
17.
Winchester JB, McBride JM, Maher MA, Mikat RP, Allen BK, Kline DE, et al. Eight weeks of ballistic exercise improves power independently of changes in strength and muscle fiber type expression. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):1728–1734; doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b 013e3181821abb.
18.
Larson GS. The Effects of Plyometric Training, with a Weight Vest, on Lower Extremity Power in Volleyball Players. Thesis (M.A.) – Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina; 2003.
19.
Saez-Saez de Villarreal E, Requena B, Newton RU. Does plyometric training improve strength performance? A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13(5):513–522; doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.08.005.
20.
Tanner JM. Growth at Adolescence: With a General Consideration of the Effects of Hereditary and Environmental Factors Upon Growth and Maturation from Birth to Maturity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd.; 1962.
21.
Paradisis GP, Pappas P, Dallas G, Zacharogiannis E, Rossi J, Lapole T. Acute effects of whole-body vibration warm-up on leg and vertical stiffness during running. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(9):2433–2438; doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003153.
22.
Dallas G, Tsopanidou A, Apostolidis A, Apostolidis N. The effect of whole-body vibration combined with drop jumps training program on jumping ability in physical education basketball players. Ann Sports Med Res. 2020;7(4):1–5.
23.
Dallas G, Dallas C, Kolovou V, Pappas P, Mellos V, Paradisis G. Acute effects of bilateral and unilateral whole body vibration training on jumping ability, asymmetry, and bilateral deficit on former artistic gymnasts. Sci Gymnast J. 2022;14(1):57–71; doi: 10.52165/sgj.14.1. 59-71.
24.
Ntallas C, Dallas G. Acute effect of whole-body vibration combined with static stretching on female gymnasts’ leg and vertical stiffness during running. Eur J Phys Educ Sport Sci. 2021;7(5):70–80; doi: 10.46827/ ejpe.v7i5.4075.
25.
Clemente FM, Badicu G, Hasan UCh, Akyildiz Z, Pino- Ortega P, Silva R, et al. Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units for jump height estimations: a systematic review. Hum Mov. 2022;23(4):1–20; doi: 10.5114/hm.2023.111548.
26.
Bosco C, Rusko H, Hirvonen J. The effect of extra-load conditioning on muscle performance in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986;18(4):415–419.
27.
Wilson GJ, Elliott BC, Wood GA. The effect on performance of imposing a delay during a stretch-shorten cycle movement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(3): 364–370.
28.
Addie CD, Arnett JE, Neltner TJ, Straughn MK, Greska EK, Cosio-Lima L, et al. Effects of drop height on drop jump performance. Int J Kinesiol Sport Sci. 2019; 7(4):28–32; doi: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.28.
29.
Young WB, Wilson GJ, Byrne C. A comparison of drop jump training methods: Effects on leg extensor strength qualities and jumping performance. Int J Sports Med. 1999;20(5):295–303; doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971134.
30.
Matic MS, Pazin NR, Mrdakovic VD, Jankovic NN, Ilic DB, Stefanovic DLJ. Optimum drop height for maximizing power output in drop jump: the effect of maximal muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2015; 29(12):3300–3310; doi: 10.1519/JSC.000000000000 1018.
31.
Komi P. Stretch-shortening cycle. In: Komi PV (ed.) Strength and Power in Sport. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2003:184–202.
32.
Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Garcia-Pinillos F, Sanchez- Sanchez J, Yanci J, Castillo D, et al. Optimal reactive strength index: Is it an accurate variable to optimize plyometric training effects on measures of physical fitness in young soccer players? J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(4):885–893; doi: 10.1519/JSC.00000000000 02467.
33.
Leukel C, Gollhofer A, Keller M, Taube W. Phase- and task-specific modulation of soleus H-reflexes during drop-jumps and landings. Exp Brain Res. 2008;190(1): 71–79; doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1450-5.
34.
Hobara H, Kanosue K, Suzuki S. Changes in muscle activity with increase in leg stiffness during hopping. Neurosci Lett. 2007;418(1):55–59; doi: 10.1016/j.neulet. 2007.02.064.
35.
Komi PV, Gollhofer A. Stretch reflex can have an important role in force enhancement during SSC exercise. J Appl Biomech. 1997;13(4):451–460; doi: 10.1123/jab. 13.4.451.
36.
Peng H-T. Changes in biomechanical properties during drop jumps of incremental height. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(9):2510–2518; doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182 01bcb3.
37.
Taube W, Leukel C, Lauber B, Gollhofer A. The drop height determines neuromuscular adaptations and changes in jump performance in stretch-shortening cycle training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22(5): 671–683; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01293.x.
38.
Leukel C, Taube W, Gruber M, Hodapp M, Gollhofer A. Inf luence of falling height on the excitability of the soleus H-reflex during drop-jumps. Acta Physiol. 2008; 192(4):569–576; doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01762.x.
39.
Taube W, Leukel C, Schubert M, Gruber M, Rantalainen T, Gollhofer A. Differential modulation of spinal and corticospinal excitability during drop jumps. J Neurophysiol. 2008;99(3):1243–1252; doi: 10.1152/ jn.01118.2007.
40.
Struzik A, Juras G, Pietraszewski B, Rokita, A. Effect of drop jump technique on the reactive strength index. J Hum Kinet. 2016;52:157–164; doi: 10.1515/hukin- 2016-0003.
| eISSN: | 1899-1955 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
