Purpose:
The aim of the study was to check whether and to what extent leisure-time physical activity and commuting activity constitute a factor differentiating physical fitness in a selected group of females and males aged 20-59 years.

Methods:
The study was performed in the Świętokrzyskie region of Poland in the spring of 2010. The sample included 1032 adults (517 females and 515 males) employed and at the same time completing extramural education or attending vocational improvement programs. Four age groups were delineated (20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59). A self-report questionnaire assessed physical activity level whereas physical fitness was determined by tests assessing handgrip strength, upper (dynamic) and lower (explosive) extremity strength, agility, hand movement speed, and endurance.

Results:
A significant relationship was found between leisure-time physical activity and all the performance-based measures in both females and males. With regard to commuting activity, statistically significant relationships were observed only in the females with regard to handgrip strength, lower extremity strength and endurance.

Conclusions:
A significant positive relationship between leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness was demonstrated in both females and males aged 20-59 years while commuting activity should significant correlations only in females.